Prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Here are the 16 commons sexually transmitted infections (STIs) find in United Kingdom

• Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common bacteria sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK. In 2013, more than 200,000 people tested positive for chlamydia in England, and the majority were under 25. It is very easily cured. But, if left untreated, it can cause serious reproductive problem, like destroying the cilia muscle that allow the Fallopian tubes to carry the egg to the vagina (woman have ectopic pregnancy after) and others health problems. 
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second most common bacterial STI in the UK, after chlamydia. The majority of those who test positive are under 25. It is very easily cured but, if left untreated, Gonorrhoea can cause serious reproductive and health problems. Gonorrhoea is usually treated with a single antibiotic injection.
• Epididymis-orchitis: This disease is related to the inflammation of the epididymis tube, which is a tube located at the back of the testicles that stores and carries sperm. It only affects men and can be very painful, with serious health problems, if left untreated.
• Hepatitis A or B (HAV or HBV): Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A or B are two of a group of viruses that can cause this. There are two stages of the infection: “acute” which lasts for one to three months and chronic infections which last for longer.
• Hepatitis C: Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis C is one of a group of viruses that can cause this and is the most common type of viral hepatitis in the UK. If left untreated, it can cause serious liver damage.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection:  (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) around the world. Many types of HPV have been identified, some of which can cause cancer and other skin lesions such as anogenital warts. Three vaccines are available to help prevent certain types of HPV, including those that cause 70% of anogenital cancers and 90% of anogenital warts. Different types of HPV cause various health problems. Some types cause infection of the feet and hands, while others target the anogenital area and are transmitted during vaginal, oral or anal sex, or during intimate contact with the skin of an infected person. It is possible to be infected with more than one type of HPV at a time. It is estimated that up to 75% of sexually active women and men will have at least one HPV infection in the anogenital region during their lifetime, but most people with strong immune systems will eventually clear it. Only a small percentage of infected people are likely to develop cancer. There is no cure for HPV infections, but many symptoms can be treated. Reducing the number of partners can help reduce your chances of getting HPV infection or other STIs. There is no specific way to determine whether a person's HPV infection will persist and cause cancer; however, for women, the Pap (Papanicolaou) test, carried out on a regular basis, can detect cervical cancer, treat it from the start and cure it completely. There is no equivalent of the Pap test for men. Penile cancer is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all male cancers. Anogenital warts are more common.
• Genital herpes: Genital herpes or herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a very common sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are two types of the virus, HSV type 1 and HSV type 2; both types can cause genital herpes.
• Genital warts: It is a sexually transmitted infection which is caused by the HPV virus. Genital warts are small fleshy growths or bumps on the genitals. They are usually painless, although they can be unpleasant to look at and distressing for some people with the infection.
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): This virus attacks the immune system and weakens the body’s ability to fight other infections. About 70-90% of people living with HIV have no symptoms and carry the infection without knowing.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs. It can be treated quickly and effectively if caught early. Left untreated, it can lead to infertility. It's a common condition which mostly affects sexually active women, aged 15 to 24.
• Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) : It is a tiny parasite, which can live in the vagina as well as in the urethra (tube that carries urine from your bladder out of the body) of both women and men. The infection is easily passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Diagnosis can be made fairly easily in females but is often difficult in males. TV is unlikely to go away without treatment but can be effectively treated with antibiotics.
• Urethritis (NGU) :  This is an inflammation (swelling) of the urethra – the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. It is commonly caused by chlamydia. It is called non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) when not caused by Gonorrhoea. A clinical diagnosis of NGU is possible in males but not in females.
• Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV): It's a form of chlamydia that attacks the lymph nodes. It is very rarely seen in heterosexual (straight) men and women in the UK, but cases are being seen among gay and bisexual men in growing numbers. Most cases of LGV can be treated with antibiotics, as long as the infection is treated early enough. However, left untreated, LGV can cause lasting damage that may require surgery.
• Syphilis: Treponema pallidum is a bacterial infection name syphilis that spreads easily and can have long-term health implications. While less common than some STIs, numbers are rising in the United Kingdom. It is usually caught by having sex with someone who is infected (including oral sex) and occurs in three distinct stages.
• Mycoplasma gentalium (Mgen): is a sexually transmitted infection like Chlamydia. It is caused by a tiny organism which is found in the water passage of infected men and women, and in the vagina in women.

Individual or behavioural factors that may increase the risk of STIs include:

• Multiple partners (simultaneously or over time)
• Anonymous or casual sexual partners
• Sexual intercourse without the use of a barrier method
• Sexual relations with people with an STIs
• History of STIs
• Drugs or substance use (drugs, alcohol, or both)
• Misuse of erectile dysfunction medications
• History of intimate partner violence or sexual violence
• Social environments (e.g., saunas, circuit parties, post-secondary institutions)

Vaccination: HAV, HBV and HPV are vaccine-preventable infections. Consider requesting vaccination against HAV, HBV and HPV when you have multiple sexual partners (more than two in a year)

• HAV is transmitted by the focal-oral route, resulting either from direct contact with infected people, from contamination of objects, or from consumption of contaminated water or food. There are also reports of transmission through exposure to infected blood. Certain sexual practices and sharing of drug paraphernalia can put people at risk of contracting HAV.
• HBV is transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infectious body fluids, including during sexual intercourse, sharing drug paraphernalia, and by mothers presenting acute or chronic HBV infection to their newborns. Saliva is considered infectious if it contains visible blood or when bites cause skin lesions.
• HPV Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection:  Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for both men and women over 17 years old and for those at increased risk of contracting the virus, whether they have been exposed to HPV or been diagnosed with HPV infection or HPV-related illness. Vaccination against HPV before the start of sexual activity, and exposure to HPV, optimizes the benefits of the vaccine. People who are already sexually active or who have HPV can benefit from the vaccine, since it protects them against genotypes to which they have not been exposed. 

  Vaccination is effective in preventing acquisition of the HPV genotypes responsible for most genital warts and HPV-related cancers, but it does not protect against all HPV genotypes. Additionally, the vaccine has no effect on HPV infections or existing genital warts.

Assessment of STIs on your sexual partner. Asking a future sexual partner for his or her most recent results of medical tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) before having sexual intercourse is another effective method of countering the spread of STIs. 

Here, blind trust in the words of a person you barely know is inappropriate, it is a question of your health.

So your next partner should be happy to ask the same information about you, then your faith will be stronger, if is or her test same and he or she said.

You can find the : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): migrant health guide on this site  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-migrant-health-guide