Akkermansia to fight diabetes and obesity.

 

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a disorder of the assimilation of the use and storage of sugars provided by food.  This results in a blood glucose level still called high blood sugar.

Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels.  Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects

When you eat hyperglycaemia foods which are composed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.  Even if these foods provide most of the energy the body needs to function which passes into the intestine then join the blood circulation.

When we eat the blood sugar level in the blood increases, the carbohydrates are then transformed mainly into glucose. The pancreas detects the increase in blood sugar the BTA cells of this grouped in AMA called the secret anger of insulin this allows glucose to penetrate into the cells of the muscles, fatty tissues as well as in the liver where it can be transformed and stored. Thus, the blood sugar can increase slightly then return to a normal rate and the glucose be converted into reserve and into energy in people. With diabetes, this system does not work. 

The major types of diabetes are type 1 or type 2. The most common treatment for type 1 is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections), while anti-diabetic medications (such as metformin and semaglutide) and lifestyle modifications can be used to manage type 2. It exists also the gestational diabetes, a form of diabetes that arises during pregnancy in some women, but it is normally resolves shortly after delivery.

As of 2021, an estimated 537 million people had diabetes worldwide, accounting for 10.5% of the adult population, with type 2 making up about 90% of all cases.

The World Health Organisation has reported that diabetes was among the top 10 causes of death in 2021, following a significant percentage increase of 95% since 2000. It is estimated that by 2045, approximately 783 million adults, or 1 in 8, will be living with diabetes, representing a 46% increase from the current figures.

The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most dramatically in low- and middle-income nations. Rates are similar in women and men, with diabetes being the seventh leading cause of death globally. The global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare is an estimated 760 billion silver pound a year.

What are the symptoms ?

Each type of diabetes can cause different symptoms, including:

• Unusual thirst frequent urination
• Weight gain or loss
• Extreme tiredness or lack of energy

Symptoms may also include:

• Blurred vision
• Frequent or recurring infections
• Slow-healing cuts and bruises
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
• Difficulty getting or maintaining an erection

See a healthcare professional if you have any of these signs or symptoms. They will determine if you should be tested for diabetes.

You may also be living with diabetes or prediabetes without having any signs or symptoms. 

Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes

The management, treatment, and care of diabetes vary depending on the type of diabetes you have. However, the common goal for all types of diabetes is to:

• Eliminate symptoms and reduce the risk of high or low blood sugar levels
• Prevent complications or delay their progression through early detection and care

Self-management and care of diabetes and its related complications depend on the services and support of many health professionals, specialists, and health care providers.

Diagnosis of diabetes

To diagnose diabetes, a health care professional must perform a blood test to measure your blood sugar. Here are some of these tests:

• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, which measures your blood sugar after fasting for at least 8 hours;
• Hemoglobin A1C test, which measures your average blood sugar over the previous 2 to 3 months
• Oral glucose tolerance test, which involves drinking 75 g of liquid glucose after fasting for at least 8 hours and then measuring your blood sugar every hour or 2 hours
• By a dosage of the glycaemia practised in the laboratory, diabetes is proven when the blood sugar again is equal to or greater than 1.26 g per litre on two occasions or at any time of the day equal to or greater than 2 g per litre.

Treating Diabetes

After being diagnosed, your health care provider will talk to you about the next steps, including:

• Developing a treatment plan The role of the health care team Early diagnosis of diabetes is critical. The earlier you are diagnosed, the sooner you can take steps to manage the disease and prevent or delay any complications.

Prediabetes can be managed without medication by:

• getting regular physical activity maintaining a healthy weight eating a variety of healthy foods These changes can also help prevent prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin, a hormone that lowers blood sugar. This hormone also regulates other aspects of metabolism, such as how glucose is converted to fat.

Because insulin lowers blood sugar, people with diabetes often use insulin injections to regulate their blood sugar.

Type 2 diabetes can also be treated with lifestyle changes and medications, such as pills and insulin. The following steps can help you manage your diabetes and prevent low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia):

• Talk to a dietitian.
• Wear a Medic Alert bracelet.
• Monitor your blood sugar regularly.
• Talk to your doctor about the best treatment for you. Ask your doctor how to prevent or treat hypoglycaemia.
• Learn how to recognize and manage symptoms of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. You should also see your doctor any time you feel sick, as your medication needs may change.
• Always: consult a doctor before taking any new medications tell any doctor who treats you about your diabetes and insulin treatment

 

Research:

Since 2017, the Catholic University of Louvain is working on bacteria which, when pasteurized, can halt the progression of obesity and diabetes.

One of the presupposition of this research, is that the cause of diabetes is ultimately linked to the presence of another bacteria in the intestines. The use of Akkermansia would replace this bad bacteria with one that is not harmful to humans. But non conclusion yet from Louvain.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a human intestinal symbiont, isolated from human faeces. It is a mucin-degrading bacterium belonging to the genus Akkermansia, discovered in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and Willem de Vos at Wageningen University of the Netherlands. It belongs to the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and its type strain is Muc^T (=ATCC BAA-835^T =CIP 107961^T). It is under preliminary research for its potential association with metabolic disorders.

To kill all bad bacteria, it is suggested that you can drink a cup of hot water with 6 lemon slices in it, with half cider vinegar in the cup too.

We don't know if it will work well, but sure it will clean your blood vessel.

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